The prostate gland composes
immunoglobulins, regulates sperm cohesion with the help of a specific secretion, controls the process of urination and ejaculation. Penetration of pathogens into the cavity of this organ causes prostatitis - an inflammation that occurs in acute or chronic form.
Causes and mechanism of development of the disease
Prostatitis begins with the penetration and reproduction of pathogens in the cavity of the organ. These are extracellular pathogens or their own microflora from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes:
- colibacillus;
- Proteus;
- enterococcus?
- staph?
- enterobacteriaceae?
- Pneumococcus.
In case of STDs or infectious diseases of internal organs, the following can penetrate the prostate lumen:
- gentle treponema?
- ureaplasma?
- Hairy?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- bacillus of Koch.
In the prostate, pathogenic flora is said to rise from the urethra. Less often - through the bloodstream or by the flow of lymph from the infected organ. A number of triggers affect the rate of disease progression and the severity of symptoms:
- abnormalities in the structure of the bladder neck.
- stenosis of the urethra
- the consequences of postoperative catheterization;
- reduced immunity in the context of chronic and systemic diseases, hypothermia, physical overload, hard work.
- violation of the outflow of blood and lymph in the pelvic area.
- indiscriminate sex life.
An active blood supply and a moist, closed environment in the prostate cavity promotes the smooth reproduction of pathogens. The secretion produced by the gland thickens, its outflow is disturbed. The infiltration gradually accumulates in the lumen, the inflammation progresses.
The course of acute prostatitis
Primary inflammation usually develops acutely. On average, the patient feels his clinical signs 5-7 days after infection. Its symptoms are alive, it is impossible not to notice them:
- intense constant pain in the perineal area, emitting in the scrotum, penis, anus.
- Disorders of urination: frequent, painful urination, false desires, slow, intermittent cloudy urine flow:
- serous or purulent discharge from the urethra with a strong unpleasant odor.
- general intoxication: chills, sudden rise in body temperature, physical weakness, weakness.
Most people with acute prostatitis have reduced sexual function. Stimulation is either completely absent or does not lead to a normal erection and ability to have sex. Sperm may contain pus or blood.
The symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on morphological changes and stages of the disease:
- Bluetongue, which develops at the beginning, affects the ducts of the organ and leads to the appearance of deep dull pain. Fever is usually absent, the state of health is generally satisfactory.
- The inflammatory process affects one or both lobes of the gland - follicular prostatitis progresses. The tissues swell, the amount of filtration in the lumen increases. The pain is constantly tormented, it increases with movement. Difficulty urinating.
- The parenchymal stage occurs when the entire body of the prostate is affected. Bladder and rectal function is difficult due to strong compression by the inflamed, swollen gland walls. The pain in the perineum becomes unbearable. Purulent and bloody impurities appear in the urine, body temperature rises to 39 ° C and above
Delay in treatment causes chronic disease. Complications are possible: urethral obstruction, fistulas, abscesses, pyelonephritis, sepsis.
Chronic prostatitis
It develops from an acute without treatment, but more often it forms as an independent disease. Slow inflammation is caused by an insufficient immune response to the penetration of the infection, by a small number of pathogenic microorganisms or by the aseptic nature of the disease. In the latter case, the pathology is caused by the stagnation of secretions, disorders in the structure of prostate tissues, paternity of its ducts.
Signs of poisoning and severe pain in chronic bacterial prostatitis appear only with exacerbations. During the latent period, the disease manifests itself with periodic urinary disorders and physical discomfort. The desire to use the toilet is more frequent at night, after the cold. Diuresis is sometimes accompanied by a slight burning sensation. Erectile dysfunction is common.
Chronic prostatitis can last for years with occasional flares. A long-term course leads to the formation of fibrous areas in the parenchyma, causing the development of impotence, infertility and oncological tumors.
How to diagnose and treat prostatitis
If you suspect the development of inflammation of the prostate, you should contact a urologist. The possible diagnosis is confirmed by bacterial culture of glandular secretion. If it is impossible to obtain, a urethral swab, urine sample, semen are examined. In addition to bacterial seeding, blood and urine tests are performed, and a prostate ultrasound is performed.
The treatment of acute infectious prostatitis is performed in a clinical environment in the Department of Urology.
- The main goal is to suppress the pathogen, relieve inflammation and prevent complications. The patient is prescribed a number of antibiotics. Injections of drugs from groups of tetracyclines, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or penicillins are used, depending on which infection caused the disease. Duration of treatment: from several days to 2-4 weeks.
- Muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory analgesics and antispasmodics are prescribed to restore urinary function and relieve acute symptoms.
- The special treatment is supplemented with vitamins and minerals, immunomodulators.
In the early stages, simple inflammation is completely cured.
Chronic prostatitis does not require hospitalization. The patient undergoes antibiotic treatment at home, observing the necessary restrictions.
At the same time, it is necessary to undergo treatment for possible provoking diseases: bronchitis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, urogenital infections.
The main treatment without deterioration is supplemented by physiotherapy methods: ultrasound procedures, magnetotherapy, laser exposure.
During treatment, alcohol, hot spices, marinades, pickles, fatty, canned and smoked foods should be excluded. It is recommended to include in the diet fresh herbs, vegetables, nuts, fish, lean meat.
The success of the treatment of the chronic form in each case depends on the duration of the disease, the existing damage to the organic tissue, the consequent disorders in the function of the kidneys and the bladder.